Troubleshooting Dockerfile Builds with Checkpoint Containers

The scene

I recently ran into some problems compiling code while building a docker image using a Dockerfile. The compile process wasn't working, so the failed `make install` was stopping the container image from being built. There's 3 ways I could have approached troubleshooting this failed build. I used what I'm calling a "checkpoint container" to troubleshoot quickly and get back on track with the rest of the build process.

Dockerfile quick tour

Dockerfiles are an ordered list of instructions for the `docker build` process.